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Showing posts with label globalization. Show all posts
Showing posts with label globalization. Show all posts

Saturday, November 4, 2017

Fake News in the Localization Industry

This is a guest post by Aaron Schliem that challenges industry research, and also questions some of the presumption that MT is the only way forward. He also has some well-founded doubts about the imminent demise of many small LSPs which is clearly articulated in this post. I am reprinting the original post with his permission.

One of the myths that continue to propagate in the business translation industry, is that as long as you "use MT" you are relatively well positioned for the future. I, like Aaron, have serious doubts about such a belief. MT ONLY WORKS TO STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE, IF YOU DO IT WELL. Building some kind of a Moses and/or OpenNMT system for face value, in most cases is not necessarily doing MT well. When one does not do something well, it is easy for others who do this same thing well to displace you. At this point in time, I am especially wary of most DIY (Do It Yourself) MT systems built by LSPs. There are a few who have good systems, but they are the exception rather than the rule.  I have repeatedly stated in this blog that developing "meaningful" MT competence takes years and new kinds of skills that few LSPs have. Neural MT, in particular, is changing so fast and evolving so rapidly that many academics themselves, are having difficulty keeping up with emerging changes. The odds of LSPs keeping up with these changes is even more remote and one can almost be certain that any self-built system is going to be sub-optimal. The basic reference guideline to use is the quality that DeepL, Bing and Google deliver with no effort whatsover.

Aaron asks "What about the water pipes, you ask? Who will own those – Welocalize, Microsoft, Google?" We have seen (in my comments) how clueless Rory of LIOX  (a supposed "giant" of Localization) has been about MT. Even in 2017, he seems not to understand that while he slept at the helm, several faster boats sailed quickly by and now do 99% of the translation done on the planet. Yet he remains unaware. It is my opinion that Microsoft, DeepL, Baidu, and Google will own the pipelines, but those LSPs that clearly add-value and provide meaningful differentiation while they build really great MT systems (with expert assistance) ALSO have a bright future. I would expect that many of these will not be the largest LSPs, and these agencies could quite possibly restructure the balance of power by delivering real value rather than just being larger. 

I have also added an interesting comment that was triggered by this post so that it remains intact with the main body of the post.


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What does it say about the localization industry when key players in the industry feel the need to apply rather loose analytical criteria in reaching clearly self-serving conclusions?

 As I’ve stated in a previous post, it is disappointing to see that many in the localization industry equate globalization with technology-enabled translation. In the drive to keep pace with the rapid proliferation of internet content, larger Language Service Providers (LSPs) have made important technology investments in machine translation (MT), content management system (CMS) connectors, APIs and the like. It is perfectly logical to publicize the value of these technologies, for indeed they certainly can be implemented to assist globalizing companies in more effectively managing their multilingual output. However, in the past few weeks, I’ve seen three examples of important industry voices offering bold but empty claims that implicitly make a case for technology investment, using language that obfuscates or conveniently repositions what the underlying data actually say. This sort of marketing does not honor the real value of localization industry tech. Instead, it attempts to support the status quo by any means necessary, diverting the corporate buyer’s attention away from more holistic approaches to globalization by keeping the focus solely on technology.

What does it say about the localization industry when key players in the industry feel the need to apply rather loose analytical criteria in reaching clearly self-serving conclusions? Kirti Vashee (@kvashee) wrote an interesting article earlier this year about a similar phenomenon in reviewing the Lilt study comparing MT quality. Vashee states, “I think it might not be over-reaching to say that this effort is neither fair nor balanced, except in the way that Fox News is. At the very least, we have gross self-interest pretending to be in the public interest.”

In the example I discuss below we see more of the same – entrenched self-interest masquerading as industry best practice and inspired prescience.

Hard data? Or misleading conclusions?


Common Sense Advisory (@CSA_Research) has long been a powerful and valuable voice in the industry. I’ve subscribed to their advisory reports and have found them to be useful resources. That said, in a recent post, it was clear that CSA seems willing to tailor its conclusions to say what the industry wants to hear. Preaching to the choir may suit CSA’s bottom line, but it certainly does not constitute the kind of rigor one would expect from the industry’s leading source of market analysis. Moreover, they have missed an opportunity to bring to light important trends that are changing the way consumers perceive quality and what kind of future we are moving toward.

Using the tags “Best Practices” and “Business Globalization,” CSA put out a teaser blog post to publicize a recent report designed to arm industry professional with data-driven justifications for capturing more localization budget. First off, the title “Hard Data to Support Global Growth” is misleading. While I do not have access to the full article, the blog post offers no clear mapping of localization investment to better global results. CSA allude to potential growth drivers by pointing out that each full-time localization employee “drives” $2.5 billion in international revenue. However, it seems ludicrous to me that CSA would expect a client-side localization manager to use that nugget of data to convince executive management that her team should be allotted more budget. It should be completely obvious to any observer, localizers and laymen alike, that the $2.5B is not a direct outcome of having localization employees. This is a flagrantly misleading and a useless statistic. To calculate ROI there has to be some causation at play. While a localization employee certainly plays a role in ensuring that global roll-outs happen successfully, there are numerous other actors in the corporations and types of investment that will be necessary to deliver international revenue. That CSA would use such an oversimplified set of calculations and then use verbs like “drive” to exaggerate the impact a single localization employee has on international revenue makes one wonder whether CSA really believes that its customers lack the common sense necessary to see through such a hollow conclusion.

CSA Hard Data Image

Adding insult to injury, under the subhead, “Sad News for Perfectionists: Some People Prefer Bad Translation to None,” CSA takes a swipe at those in the industry who still value nuanced quality. The idea that “good-enough” is good enough has long been an argument by those who favor MT even when it is not called a strong tactic. Not surprisingly, it is often those with the most to win through MT (MT vendors and larger LSPs with amortizable investments in MT) who make this argument.
 The CSA graphic attempts to illustrate that “most respondents” prefer low-quality translation to English. On closer examination one sees that the majority they speak of is a meager 51% majority, a figure that I imagine is within the margin of error for the study (which conveniently has been omitted). Aside from exaggerating this claim, the analysis misses a much more powerful trend. With each successively younger generation that CSA has polled, there is a clear move away from the acceptance of the “something-is-better-than-nothing” content philosophy. Among millennials, the emerging power demographic both by virtue of sheer numbers but more importantly due to the influence they exert in the consumer market, the majority of respondents, in fact, indicate that they disagree with the assertion that poor translation is better than nothing. As millennials continue to demand greater brand authenticity and unabashedly pick winners and losers in our age-of-the-consumer economy, how has CSA neglected to point out this rather obvious and important trend? The only rationale that seems to make sense is that CSA does not want to alienate some segment of its supporters by suggesting that there is even a remote chance that human beings cannot be suckered into accepting subpar language quality, delivered by mediocre MT engines, even when their own graphs illustrate the contrary.

“The sky is falling, the sky is falling.”

Although originally published mid-2016, Grant Straker’s article on LinkedIn portending the apocalyptic demise of a third of the companies in the localization industry saw a flurry of activity recently. Mr. Straker (@gstraker), CEO of Straker Translations, bases his menacing projection on three causes: some new movement of content online (not sure I even get this argument, given that dealing with online content has been the bread and butter of the industry – small and large LSPs alike – for quite some time now), easier vendor comparison (making rather broad assumptions that all buyers will shop for the lowest price, period) and MT creating winners and losers when it comes to margins. Ironically, Mr. Straker fears that translators will abandon small LSPs because in order to maintain profitability these losers will try to squeeze talent by demanding lower rates. Ironically, my conversations with translators have revealed quite the contrary. Many seem to prefer working with smaller LSPs precisely BECAUSE they tend not to put translators through the wringer.

But I digress. Let’s dig into the numbers to see how realistic the claims are, root causes aside. Mr. Straker points to some Common Sense Advisory (CSA) numbers in setting the stage for his analysis.  He indicated:

“There are an amazing 18,000 translation companies in 137 countries in the US$38 billion translation industry according to leading research group Common Sense Advisory. 60% have between two and five staff and with average revenue of $1.4m most companies are relatively small.”

 Assuming these are accurate metrics, let’s examine Mr. Straker’s bold claim mathematically. If one-third of the 18,000 companies worldwide were to disappear, 6,000 companies would either close shop or would be acquired through M&A activity. Assuming that the industry as a whole is growing and not shrinking, an assertion that CSA’s annual reports clearly support, a grand total of US$8.4B would need to be absorbed by existing or new language services providers (LSPs), if we are to believe in Mr. Straker’s prescience.

Having been a scrappy, small LSP owner myself I can assure you that these 6,000 companies are not going to die out without a fight. Although small LSPs may be weaker financially and technologically than the larger companies in the space, their smaller size makes these LSPs significantly more agile and able to adjust to emerging market conditions. This adaptive advantage is particularly strong when compared to the LSPs who are heavily focused on amortizing their technology investments, betting on a fully automated language services world of the future.

Given that smaller LSPs may be relatively resilient, M&A activity would need to absorb a rather significant chunk of the US$8.4B in revenue. How realistic is that? Given that Lionbridge, the largest company in the industry, is barely a US$500M company (a mere 1.3% of the industry total), I fail to see how M&A activity could accelerate so dramatically that 20% of the throughput for the entire industry could be redistributed among new acquirers. Even if each of the top 100 firms globally were to somehow find equity partners to finance these deals (a nearly impossible order to fill considering the competition for equity and venture dollars in today’s economy), each one would have to acquire (and, perhaps more importantly, integrate) 60 companies a piece, consolidating US$84M of economic activity, across multiple geographies – all within 3.5 years!! Given that a number of the companies listed toward the end of the top 100 list have revenue in the US$8-12M range, it seems unlikely that they will have the wherewithal or, indeed even the motivation, to leverage and pull-off these kinds of deals.

Needless to say, it’s rather disappointing to read the comments of Mr. Straker’s post and observe so many in the industry who are eager to rather blindly to support what seems to be a well-designed publicity stunt. If one looks through the comments on Mr. Straker’s post, one sees many who refute the claims with smart logic and only a few (suspiciously, several come from those who work at MT companies) supporting Mr. Straker’s vision for the future. That said, it’s easy to see why this sort of fear-mongering is useful to a larger LSP that is actively luring small LSPs into selling out for the lowest possible price.

Furthermore, the assertion that smaller companies are not well positioned to differentiate themselves is just bogus. Increasingly, one finds firms in the sector who focus on particular niches (language services for search and discoverability, marketing adaptation, e-learning, multimedia, embedded services, and much more) and finding great success. Now, if the argument is that small companies won’t be able to compete with the localization firms that decide to convert their businesses into the MT-driven word farms, then I agree. But small firms already know that they are not going to win that battle.
 I believe a converse argument could be made. If we look to the future (and by future, I mean long-term, not a ridiculous 3.5-year timeframe) I can imagine the industry reaching a point where firms that focus too heavily on MT and hyper-automation may find that they will have squeezed themselves out of the industry.

It might be best to illustrate this with a metaphor I was discussing recently with Kirti Vashee. Let’s imagine that supplying translation is like moving water from the well to homes where it is used. In the early days, all of the different water vendors compete over who has the shiniest buckets, who has the purest water, who can get the water to you fastest. Over time, the vendors who invest in automating the movement of water to homes begin to see great success. People love getting their water faster and cheaper. But pretty soon a new player comes into the market and builds underground pipes to get the water directly from the wells to the homes, benefitting from the work the early investors did to automate and speed the bucket delivery system. With the pipes now in place the water is just a commodity and the early tech investors are out of business.

And what remains? Well, what is left are the vendors who are thinking about what you actually do with the water once you can access it. The smart vendor is the one who is thinking about purpose and application, linguistically and culturally, and not just creating the fastest and cheapest pipeline. I would assert that many of the smaller LSPs are in fact the ones who are focused on nuance, purpose, and specialization. Far from seeing their prospects shrink, I believe it is they who will see a plethora of opportunities arise and who will have the agility to adapt to the new frameworks.

 What about the water pipes, you ask? Who will own those – Welocalize, Microsoft, Google? Let’s put that question to people like Kirti who may have more clues as to where the future may lead.

From a LinkedIn conversation triggered by this post that has many more comments:

Yuka Jordan:  Speaking from a buyer's viewpoint there underlines a fundamental challenge with localization companies unwillingness or inability to provide answers to clients' problems. My observation has been many are working hard to please their shareholders and senior management. Very few are willing to create a value-add solutions to the ever-growing complex globalization work clients are facing. Granted, many clients have a junior manager to handle all thing localization or complete lack of expertise within their organization, and some clients may appear clueless. It seemed at times, LSP's are taking advantage of the situation to sell what they want to sell. It is the fact that clients do fall for MT technology and lower cost-per-word gimmicks, and make mistakes selecting such an LSP, resulting in the vicious cycle and enabling the industry to remain stagnant. Lack of capability surrounding intelligent data science is prominently evident to some clients whose senior management takes time to analyze and conclude a business solution of their choice. LPS make excuses that clients do not know the industry, and never work on their shortcomings. Hope this article will stir up much-needed industrywide transformation.

 Aaron: Thanks for your thoughtful comment Yuka. I think you hit on a key idea here, namely that of value-add. The industry used to think that project management and technology were the value-adds, but as platforms, connectivity, automation improve, these wane in importance. The new value-add will be helping clients to apply language, culture, technology solutions in the right proportions to help them solve their globalization problems. We need to move away from a cookie-cutter approach and from pushing what we want to sell rather than providing what the client needs. Most of all, we need to stop with the low-cost gimmicks. There are certainly places where low-cost strategies make sense, but too often we don't call LSPs out on an overly broad promoting of these strategies, often to the detriment of client outcomes (and after clients have wasted a lot of money on solutions that never delivered what was promised).  



Aaron Schliem is the Principal Consultant & Founder of IdioSynch



Idiosynch is an advisory firm that shows companies of all sizes how to harness the power of cultural authenticity in their workplace culture and global branding. Aaron acts as a virtual Chief Globalization Officer to evaluate identity and systems and to deliver human-centered strategies for smarter global growth.

A 20-year veteran of the language services industry, Aaron is a serial entrepreneur who launched his first company, Horizon Learning, a Chilean adult second language acquisition firm, in 1996. More recently Aaron helped found and lead Glyph Language Services, where as CEO he positioned the firm as a leader in global communications, cross-cultural learning, and adaptive localization of creative media.

A regular speaker at international conferences and workshops Aaron is a thought leader in fields that range from executive compensation to mobile apps and games. Aaron’s writings have been published in Multilingual Magazine, The Content Wrangler, and The Savvy Client's Guide to Translation Agencies. You can read more about Aaron’s approach and philosophy on his blog at www.idiosynch.com.
 

Thursday, September 28, 2017

Enabling Authenticity in Global Branding

This is a guest post by Aaron Schliem, who writes on  fundamental globalization questions. Most of the agencies in the translation industry are involved in brokering human translation services, which is increasingly under price pressure, because most agencies add very little value to the production process beyond brokered project management, and we also see that MT is getting "good enough" to solve many enterprise needs to communicate multilingually. However, value is added by humans who understand the bigger picture, and tune business content creation processes to improve the overall customer experience regardless of locale and language.

As all major enterprises today become more global, both in their internal workforce composition, and their primary market outlook, new, more culturally informed approaches are needed. The problem is not just at agencies, as Aaron says:
Global business presently operates within an overly simplistic paradigm that assumes translation of product and marketing content is sufficient to be successful in the global economy. We believe that the localization industry has become consumed with what amounts to “computer-enabled translation,” content to simply move content along a conveyor belt to deliver words to market. Both agencies and the corporate buyers of their services typically fail to focus the human side of globalization.
 I believe this kind of broader and more global human focus will be part of the makeup of the best agencies in future, and is already part of the culture and DNA at truly global enterprises.

As an aside, but somewhat related to changing trends, there is a lot more content out there that really matters, to drive global revenue, and is needed to get involved in many different customer related conversations that are key to international business success. I saw in a recent interview with the Moravia CEO, Tomas Kratochvil, stated that “We have 80% of content already going through machine translation. The number of words we are able to process for our customers is much higher than it used to be in the past,” he points out. “We’ve changed the way we do business from close to zero machine-translated words to 70-80% of words which are machine-translated.” Slator characterizes the recent past of Moravia as a "quiet rise and strategic shift" and apparently they are a 160M company today. Probably 2X to 3X what they were 5 years ago.

SDL is at about $365M in revenue (with a weak Brexit Pound) and are the most engaged with MT 99.5%  of words they process coming from MT (100M HT and 20B MT per month), which also means they are really engaged in a much broader range of customer conversations that define the global customer experience. Both these companies have grown significantly over 5 years. 

Now contrast this to Lionbridge which has hovered around $500M for 5-10 years. Rory Cowan of Lionbridge recently said that "Machine translation has been the classic dark horse, of course, waiting for its hour of glory."  (Wake up, dude!) The cost for missing the boat in competitive businesses is to lose market share e.g. LIOX. I am going to bet that the 5 year success metrics for both Moravia and SDL were significantly better than what we have seen with Lionbridge. MT is only a small part of this of course, but it was strategic many years ago for those who were clued in. I am going to bet using it well will become an even more important element over the next five years.


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Let me describe for you what global branding often looks like in US companies. The self-assured marketing team typically develops a brand strategy that is unconsciously steeped in the culture that prevails at headquarters. The well-meaning team makes decisions and assumptions about what people value, how they behave, what their history is, what they may find compelling, all the while not realizing that they are silently defining “people” as “Americans.” Once the team at headquarters feels the brand is properly characterized, guidelines, story lines, talking points and imagery are developed to facilitate communication of the brand identity and strategy to staff and consumers. Downstream content and assets are translated into other with the intention of bring teams from diverse geographies into the fold. After translation, headquarters might reach out to local market colleagues and ask them to review the translations. But not even that level of engagement with international colleagues is a sure thing. The bottom line is that, as with most areas of business, branding teams approach globalization as an after-thought that can be addressed through translation once the company vision is set – from headquarters.

At its core this approach makes a rather righteous assumption about the global dominance of US business and consumer culture. Everyone loves America, after all, right? It’s easy to think that people all over the world are so used to “buying” American culture that no additional efforts to connect need to be undertaken. This is reinforced by the fact sometimes it is, in fact, the very Americanness of the brand that people are buying. According to the Wall Street Journal, Cadillac sales are up 23% globally this year (through July 2017), with year-to-date sales in China jumping 69% relative to the same 7-month period in 2016. Why? A Shanghainese Cadillac owner indicated that his car sets him apart and “represents American heritage.” You see the ubiquity of American culture among the cosmopolitan elite in Europe in daily conversation where, whether you are speaking Spanish, French or German, the word “cool” has become cool.

Given the dominance of the United States in the global economy since WWII, complacency is an easy trap to fall into. It’s easy to think that if you are selling internationally and increasing your sales year-over-year, the current approach must be working just fine. But this sort of thinking dramatically over simplified the issue. Just because a company is growing internationally doesn’t mean it could not be growing much more quickly internationally or that the growth might not be longer-lasting if more nuanced global strategic thinking were applied. Implicit in this over-simplification is the idea, made famous in the film Field of Dreams, that if we just “build it” then naturally “they will come.” However, this reeks of American over-confidence.

In their defense, I don’t think that branding professionals are consciously putting on airs. The lack of vision results from lack of experience in global settings. Living in a large and diverse country like the United States, it’s easy to live in a bubble. Even when Americans put on their explorer hats and plan vacation adventures designed to broaden our horizons, we tend to focus on relatively less-expensive domestic travel. Why visit Orleans when you have New Orleans in your backyard? OK, maybe a bad example – New Orleans is pretty objectively awesome regardless of how you look at it – but you see my point. And in a country where work is king, paid time off is scarce, and only 36% of citizen have valid passports, one can understand how Americans end up having fewer international experiences. Americans live in a massive cultural silo so it is logical that our approach to branding would have similar dimensions, or lack thereof.


 Nonetheless, developing a global brand strategy while living in self-imposed cultural isolation is problematic. When the approach to global branding becomes mono-cultural, it is more difficult to apply in new markets. In not leveraging ground-floor observations from a variety of cultures to assemble an inclusive and authentic brand vision, the approach reinforces a wide-spread skepticism and resentment of American cultural arrogance. It plays into the common view that American companies are brute force neoimperialists, self-aggrandizing egomaniac, or “my way or the highway” managers who could care less how the rest of the world functions. Developing a cohesive global brand is difficult in the best of circumstances. This sort of monolithic thinking does little to set the company up for success. On the contrary, it alienates those who are best positioned to help the company to be successful.

Why does it matter?

Modern business is global by definition. Being global it is not an optional marketing strategy that can be employed down the road once domestic growth has tapped out. According to the UN Conference on Trade and Development’s 2017 World Investment Report, over the past 25 years the top 100 multinational enterprises (MNEs) have seen the majority of their sales, assets and employees shift to foreign markets. The shift is even more dramatic when you look only at companies from the digital economy, which has traditionally formed the backbone of the globalization industry. Why does this matter? Well, first off, no global business is going to be successful unless its employees understand and value the brand. If most of your employees do not reside within the headquarters culture, extra effort is required to ensure that the work of foreign employees will support and strengthen the brand. And if most of your customers are foreign, your brand strategy needs to be broad enough to include a range of cultural realities.

 

Tips for building globally-enabled brands

 

  1. Explore your own cultural biases: The number one thing you can do to improve your global brand is to start by examining your own cultural baggage. To connect with people and ideas that are outside our cultural frame of reference, we first need to be break free from the assumptions we make, day in and day out, without even realizing we are doing so. A great way to break biases is to engage in cross-cultural communications training (hint, hint – yes, Idiosynch offers this). Even something as simple as attempting to learn a new language forces us to move outside of our rote thinking. If taking a class is not feasible, we can extend culturally by simple acts in everyday life. Take a moment to talk with someone from a different culture, whether they are your doctor, your grocery bagger or the barista at your local café. Exploring the world begins with exploring people and if we are willing to open our eyes, there are a surprising number of opportunities to grow our cultural knowledge in our local communities. Often it is not hard to see our own biases once we have a little perspective. Getting perspective, however, requires conscious effort and a commitment to honest and humble self-examination.
  2. Open your ears to global voices: You would be surprised how much global experience exists on even small domestic teams. Because we are so used to thinking and acting from within our bubbles we rarely ask ourselves and our colleagues about the experiences that have forced us to question our cultural assumptions. One need not have travelled the world to have had such experiences. We have them every day with our neighbors and friends. Sharing our diverse experiences primes our ability to think outside of our own bubble. If your organization is already global, a powerful approach is to engage with local champions from a variety of disciplines in the company. By including diverse voices, we can learn to understand and codify brand identity in ways that drill down to the core message, retaining a common cultural denominator that does not preclude any single culture from participating.
  3. Universal but flexible: Brands cannot be infinitely malleable. After all, each company needs a level of brand consistency across all markets. That said, the Apples of the world, with their one-size-fits-all approach, are rare and exceedingly difficult to create. With global branding we want to develop a core universal brand identity, a basic set of values and emotional connections we hope to make in all markets, while retaining enough flexibility to adapt to local cultural realities. Let’s think about brand in terms of storytelling. The global brand can be quite specific about how it defines the “moral of the story,” or, simply put, the brand message. The moral of the story is what matters and needs to be conveyed in every market. By communicating the moral without prescribing the characters, plot, setting, etc, we can empower local teams to tell a wider range of stories, tailored to local cultural realities.
  4. Customization guidelines: A strong global branding strategy that will require adaptation by region or market. But allowing local teams to adapt brand identity willy-nilly is a surefire way to lose control. Through communication and coordination with local-market teams and by making use of cultural consultants to provide heuristic analysis, a branding team can develop market-specific guidelines (linguistic, visual, value mapping, etc.) that allow local market teams to bring their superior cultural knowledge to bear while ensuring an adequate level of control and transparency for headquarters.
  5. Authenticity and values: Brands are striving for authenticity and emotional connections with consumers. But to be authentic, you need to know what authenticity looks like in other cultures. To build a brand identity without viewing it through diverse lenses of cultural authenticity is naïve at best and potentially devastating. Not knowing what cultural myths one is conjuring, what history one is evoking, what references to art or pop culture one is unwittingly making, is the surest way to alienate consumers. For not only does the brand miss an opportunity to connect; it is damaging its chances of ever connecting. Americans are less accustomed to this dynamic because many of the most powerful brands are in fact American. But ill-conceived branding is common in other markets. Both the American perpetrators and the local recipients tend to laugh off these branding faux pas, but at the end of the day, the brand that fails to demonstrate authenticity in culturally specific ways is bound to be perceived as out of touch or worse, disrespectful.
  6. Brand is culture: Culture, ideology, history and politics inform and affect the way we build brands, how we perceive brand meaning and what values are ultimately targeted. With the emergence of earned content (user-generated content) as a key conduit for demonstrating authenticity, the dance between culture and brand is now happening in real time and it can be difficult to tell who is leading and who is following. Brand is understood and experienced by consumers through their cultural lens. But culture itself can be observed and understood through brand as consumers assert their voice and equal role in the dance. We are emerging into an era where brand strength can arguably be judged by the degree to which it is effective in pushing the culture needle, playing a role in culture very evolve.
  7. Feedback loops and brand integrity: Once an authentic, adaptable brand globalization strategy has been developed, with all the incumbent research and guideline development, you might think the journey is complete, at least until the brand wants to take a new direction. But brand has a funny way of taking on a life of its own. You will need a strategy for monitoring the brand in every market. It is necessary to build expectations and processes that allow the brand team at headquarters to understand how the brand is being expressed in foreign cultures. It is here where many global brands fail. It’s tempting to do the hard work initially and then simply abandon the local manifestations of your brand to the winds of change (or if you are unlucky, to the storms of controversy). In developing a long-term brand audit plan, headquarters can ensure cohesion and consistency across markets and over time, while also mining the experiences in each market for nuggets of wisdom that may work in other markets as well.






Aaron Schliem is the Principal Consultant & Founder of IdioSynch



Idiosynch is an advisory firm that shows companies of all sizes how to harness the power of cultural authenticity in their workplace culture and global branding. Aaron acts as a virtual Chief Globalization Officer to evaluate identity and systems and to deliver human-centered strategies for smarter global growth.


A 20-year veteran of the language services industry, Aaron is a serial entrepreneur who launched his first company, Horizon Learning, a Chilean adult second language acquisition firm, in 1996. More recently Aaron helped found and lead Glyph Language Services, where as CEO he positioned the firm as a leader in global communications, cross-cultural learning, and adaptive localization of creative media.


A regular speaker at international conferences and workshops Aaron is a thought leader in fields that range from executive compensation to mobile apps and games. Aaron’s writings have been published in Multilingual Magazine, The Content Wrangler and The Savvy Client's Guide to Translation Agencies. You can read more about Aaron’s approach and philosophy on his blog at www.idiosynch.com

Monday, March 6, 2017

Ending the Globalization Smoke Screen: A New Direction for the Localization Industry

We often hear translation industry players, both on the vendor and buyer side, complain about inadequate budgets, increasing work volume, and commoditization in general. Technology, that damned MT, and the content explosion are often blamed, and many in the industry resign themselves to this inevitability of automation and generic product delivery. Commoditization happens when you deliver very low value, especially with a service offering. However, could it be that most of us in the industry approach the core industry mission of raising organization globalization readiness, with a tunnel vision that can only lead to commoditization? 

This guest post by Aaron Schliem raises fundamental questions about our larger mission and while it does not offer complete answers, I hope that it will trigger new kinds of dialogue, focusing on how we as an industry can increase our value-add and up our game. To go beyond being high volume translation word-mongers and be part of enabling true globalization services to be offered.

Interestingly, I just saw what I felt was a related post in terms of its core theme, that I thought was worth linking to. I include the following excerpt:

When we find a new way of solving a problem, we make a conceptual shift to clarity. In To Sell is Human Dan Pink says clarity is an important quality to help move others. He defines it as:
“The capacity to help others see their situations in fresh and more revealing ways and to identify problems they didn't know they had.”
Solving problems is still an important ability, with the added twist that the value is in identifying the true problem, asking better questions. Studies conducted by social scientists Jacob Getzels and Mihaly Csiksentmihalyi in the 1960s found that people who achieve breakthroughs in any field tend to be good at finding problems:
“It is in fact the discovery or creation of problems rather than any superior knowledge, technical skill, or craftsmanship that often sets the creative person apart from others in his field.”
Excerpt From:  The Value of Finding the Right Problem to Solve


Please join the discussion and contribute via the comments, or if you are so moved I would welcome additional posts that provide differing or extended discussion on the provocative points that Aaron makes. The emphasis below is all mine.


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I admit it – I was wrong. More than 15 years in the localization industry only to find that I was fooling myself. Like many insiders, I was convinced that if we applied the right technology to the problem of translation, we would advance the cause of globalization, garner respect from senior execs in client organizations and win vital budget allocations along the way. After all, in business you succeed by giving the customer what they want, right? The customer has seen exponentially increasing volumes of content that need to be delivered in all the hot business languages of the worlds. So, logically, it was our duty to offer solutions that did just that – get words out to market faster and cheaper and in so doing demonstrate how we fastidiously stand by our customers.

And thus the investment in automation was born. We began with translation tools, eventually building out translation management systems to house suites of tools. Unicode, multi-script, RTL, and diacritic capabilities were built into virtually every application businesses use, from desktop publishing software to media engineering suites. We localizers are a clever bunch who had learned by observing other industries. To meet market demand while honoring expense constraints, we competed to see who could build the smartest assembly line. With integrated TMS-CMS conveyor belts fully functional we went even further, feeding the system with auto-generated linguistic output via MT and its various flavors. To staff our assembly lines we largely rid ourselves of the high-priced experienced translators, opting instead for “sufficiently qualified” on-demand labor pools, even resorting to crowd-sourced volunteers.

All of this was accomplished to great fanfare, I might add. How many presentations have you seen where, with flashing lights and hyperbole, a vendor impresses upon the bulk translation buyer how a particular suite of technology is the one that will solve the buyer’s globalization woes? How often do we pat ourselves on the back for the automation revolution at industry events, toasting the next round of venture capital funding won by the latest technology company masquerading as a globalization agency?

Now, don’t get me wrong. The development of keen business and technology models targeting the needs of the big-budget corporate buyers is to be lauded. There is a need that is being serviced effectively and a great deal of innovation has sprung from these investments. Indeed, I am as guilty as anyone. I too believed in this vision of the future. I built proprietary TMS technology, I integrated systems, I trained MT systems. Lacking the investment capital of the giants, my firm, like virtually every other small to mid-sized company in the industry, had to do its best to keep up by implementing an inadequate off-the-shelf technology. But we pressed ahead nonetheless and finally, armed with a decent conveyor belt, we too parroted the industry promise – that technology would solve globalization.

But as I said before, I was wrong. I was willing to believe that by making translation faster and cheaper I was meeting my clients’ needs. I, as most of us, was willing to ignore the bigger picture, to convince myself that this approach was what my clients needed to “go global.”

However, I believe the time of reckoning has come. The truth has caught up with us. We have come to the point where I believe we are misrepresenting the idea of “globalization.” Despite the bells and whistles, at the end of the day, the industry largely sells a commodity called “technologically-enabled translation”. We actively try to rebrand our work as “localization.” However, we mislead our clients by pretending that we are applying finesse to their global ventures, when really we are simply translating words for digital interfaces and then calling it “localization” because content flows from system to system, the characters are rendered on the screen, the address format is right, and we substituted “Mary” with “María” in the sample dataset.

We have reduced the idea of a “locale” down to a four-letter ISO code, unwilling to face the complexities of local culture and market conditions. To truly attempt to build globalization strategy is messy. It most certainly is not conducive to an investment focused too heavily on a language assembly line with replaceable parts. To add insult to injury, the replaceable parts are the cross-cultural communicators from whose ranks nearly all of us in the industry have spawned. While disheartening, it is understandable that we have chosen this route. Look at the world around us – the proliferation of content, the A-B-ization of human choices, the way we have turned people into algorithms.

Let’s be honest. Long gone are the days when rendering non-Latin scripts on a screen was indeed a massive barrier to conducting international business. The global integrated market is already here and we are still conducting business as if we were unaware of the broader complexities involved in supporting our clients.

All of this said I would propose we take a closer look at ourselves and attempt to redefine our role in the world in a way that honors our industry and the lives of the people who continue to build it. When you talk to people in localization what you find are individuals who are overwhelmingly open – open to learning, to listening, to experiencing, to connecting. It is we, and not our technologies, who have built the real bridges that connect people around the world. For many of us, this begins with our personal journeys. We travel and live abroad. We fall in love with people from different cultures. We bear children who embody our global citizenship. We nourish our curiosity and need to connect by delving into the idiosyncrasies, histories, and ways of living that constitute cultures. It is in these ways that the world becomes more connected and more understanding. And it will be through connection and understanding that the global marketplace will thrive, not through the bombardment of people with multilingual content. I find it ironic that we who are capable of seeing the beautiful complexity of culture are precisely the ones who are seeking to iron out the unique contours of the world to make it more amenable to commoditization. I’m sure that many will say, “Business is business! What do you want from us? It’s not our job to make the world a better place.” I for one cannot look at the current global landscape and accept this sort of minimalism.

We collectively undervalue our contribution to the world by simply competing to see who can develop the best assembly line. And we do our clients a disservice by focusing on a single globalization tactic rather than enabling a holistic global to business planning and execution. Furthermore, we dishonor the people of the world by treating them like a language with a particular amount of web traffic or an attractive level of disposable income. The conversation around global business success too rarely rises beyond the mechanics of automation. We pay lip service to broader globalization ideals but at the end of the day, most companies simply try to feed their machine to make the biggest margins they can.

I am calling for a revolution, a shift in thinking toward a focus on real people and on the real business concerns of our clients. To truly support globalization with integrity, we cannot simply focus our energy on driving customers toward translation spending. And let me be very clear in stating that this is not simply an industry vendor problem. Some corporate buyers are complicit in this fantasy, seeking often to simply make their supply chains less expensive while retaining sufficient translation quality. Corporate buyers often shy away from advocating for a robust and multi-faceted approach to globalization. People are afraid to ruffle feathers, to lose budget, to misuse political capital. All of this comes at the expense of their own company’s interests. It is incumbent on those of us who know the truth to speak up and ensure that everyone, from senior executives to translation project managers, begins shifting their understanding of globalization away from tactics and toward global readiness and global engagement. This will mean that money will move away from translation and toward other more valuable endeavors, but providers with integrity will not shy away from this evolution and growth. And smart buyers will welcome truth and real global strategies.

But how do we do this? Where do we go from here? First off, we take translation off the table during an initial conversation. We ought to be working with our clients to identify and engage with the key stakeholders across the various disciplines that drive corporate development. This includes, critically, the thought leadership and executive strategists at the highest levels. In speaking with these stakeholders we should perform a holistic analysis of the company’s global readiness, including but not limited to the following:

Brand: It is foolhardy to imagine that one can build a global brand simply by translating copy and working out distribution relationships. And, please, let’s not make the naïve assumption that a local reseller or distributor is somehow going to deliver brand street cred. That’s not their job. It is the responsibility of headquarters to create a thoughtful plan that will ensure the integrity of the core brand while allowing local partners sufficient flexibility to adapt it to their needs. Successful cross-market branding takes a nuanced understanding of the many dimensions of culture that affect perception. By setting aside our native cultural bias, we open ourselves to seeing the brand with different eyes, reimagining it in a new context. This ability to shift perspective positions us to ensure that we are both maximizing opportunity while also mitigating the risk of alienating or offending people in a new market. Below is a tool that I’ve developed to help guide global brand development conversations.

 
Figure 1: Multi-dimensional cultural analysis is key to developing a powerful global brand


Identity: To truly find long-term success in the global market, an organization itself must be ready to walk the global walk. This means identifying, celebrating, and leveraging the skills of those in your organization who understand language and culture. It means encouraging all divisions and teams to explore the ways they have a stake in globalization. Every global organization should have a clear directive and buy-in from senior executives regarding the need for global readiness to imbue all work performed in the organization. Missions and organizational pillar should reflect a global focus and all employees should be trained on an ongoing basis on these ideals.

Human Resources: A great global organization needs to understand that the way employees interact with their employer is not the same in each culture. Expectations relating to management, accountability, work environment and communication are not universal. How people learn varies based on the educational philosophies that happen to be predominant in a place and time. Yes, people may speak some English, but we have begun to make blanket assumptions about language skills based on level of seniority or industry sector (e.g. everyone who works in tech, anywhere in the world, speaks English; all senior executives speak English – we require it at OUR company).

  
 Figure 2: ESL skills are not ubiquitous, even among senior executives.
EF English Proficiency Index. Source: EF


Customer Support: It is not enough to localize your software or create multilingual packaging. Real people expect real support that is accessible based on their local language, cultural norms, and technology infrastructure. Often organizations will exert great effort and apply meticulous controls to the localization of a product, but then assign customer support to a green (inexperienced) community manager who has not been trained on the organization's global corporate culture and has not been provided with basic tools to ensure a consistent voice in each market. Something as simple as a bilingual glossary is not regularly shared across global organizations.

Quality: In the world of language and cultural adaptation, everyone is a critic. Industry professionals and corporate stakeholders need to do more to build an awareness that language and communication is not an objective science. Too often any dialogue or disagreement around the right word or the right tone devolves into defensive posturing and questioning the integrity of those producing translations. Such foolhardy and combative stances must stop. If we cannot engage in a productive conversation about language and culture among those of us to apply such knowledge to the business of globalization, how likely will the end result of our work resonate with the recipients around the world?

Marketing: More times than not businesses focus on globalizing their product but ignore the need for a nuanced approach to marketing and advertising. There is a prevailing notion that “if you translate it, they will come.” This is especially true when the budget is scarce and when just getting the budget to localize the product itself is an uphill battle. But this is often where the rubber meets the road. Localization vendors are too often willing to simply remain silent, taking the client’s money to localize the product, knowing all along that ultimately the client may not achieve its goals because it has ignored culturally-infused marketing.

It is not my objective here to provide a prescriptive set of guidelines for holistic globalization analysis. Others will know more than I. However, I do seek to open a more honest dialogue regarding the role our industry should and could be playing, not only in enhancing corporate global success but also in promoting a more deliberate sort of integrity in the way we value our skills and the people who have built and continue to drive this industry.

I have great respect and admiration for our industry, including the numerous brilliant minds who have built shiny, smart conveyor belts and for the sharp business buyers who manage complex content and localization workflows. But I would posit that there is more at stake here, namely the shared responsibility to call things what they are and to recognize the greater complexity that is required for successful globalization. We might be tempted to point at client success stories to justify our current silence, but who is to say that despite global results being acceptable, they could not be extraordinary if a broader and more culturally oriented approach were employed.


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Aaron Schliem: CEO, Glyph Language Services

As founder and CEO, Aaron has guided the strategic development of Glyph Language Services for nearly 15 years, positioning the firm as a visionary leader in global communications, cross-cultural learning strategy, and adaptation of creative media. A regular speaker at international conferences and workshops Aaron has delivered innovative training in fields that range from executive compensation to mobile apps and games. Aaron has also published articles and interviews for Multilingual Magazine, The Content Wrangler and The Savvy Client's Guide to Translation Agencies. Senior executives in a wide range of industries rely on Aaron’s creative consulting to develop holistic approaches to globalization, focusing on global HR management, product design & adaptation, brand globalization, content pipelines and culturally-infused marketing. Aaron also has more than a decade of experience helping Fortune 50 companies build smart geopolitical and cultural sensitivity policies and programs. Outside of Glyph, Aaron is active in his local Madison community, serving on the board of a local queer theater company and on the school district’s special education parent advisory committee.

Monday, January 3, 2011

Most Popular Blog Posts of 2010

Award winning picture, part of the Wikimedia Commons Pictures of the Year collection.

As I have been watching people summarize the year in many ways I decided to look into the traffic stats on the eMpTy Pages blog to see what were the most popular posts (in terms of traffic anyway). And here is the list in order of traffic popularity. 

The top 3 entries were written in July so it appears the thoughts and the news were really flowing at the time. 

1. The most popular entry was the summary of a conversation that Renato & Bob had at the IMTT Vendor Management conference in Las Vegas and my additional comments on this issue. This is an ongoing discussion and far from over, we will see more unfold on this subject in this coming year I expect.

2. My thoughts and analysis of the SDL acquisition of Language Weaver, which was clearly between a rock and a hard place in 2010 after doubling manpower/sales investments and overall expenses and seeing hardly a budge in revenue or translation quality of their systems. The facts speak for themselves in spite of careful PR efforts to create impressions that suggested growth and momentum.(Yup Mark, some of us do realize there was hardly any revenue growth in the last three years.)

3. This next one seemed to resonate with all the MT enthusiasts in particular.This one got a lot of comments as well.

4. I am surprised that this entry was as popular, but it is clear that TAUS is becoming more relevant and a great place to find some information (though not always the best and most accurate info IMO) on MT deployments throughout the corporate world.The understanding that clean data does matter is growing and that can only help the quality of future MT systems developed with TAUS data. I hope that TAUS will lead the charge in helping us all understand what are the driving factors behind really good MT systems. My sense is that everything we have seen so far is just about getting familiar with the technology and was mostly driven by localization ROI rather than real raw MT quality tuning efforts. The best is yet to come.

5. This entry was I think the best entry of the year, even though I did not offer any solutions. I think it was the clearest articulation of the problem and explanation of why standards matter and why we need better solutions. I hope that this discussion continues and grows in 2011. I saw that it was also a major issue and area of concern at the AGIS10 conference in Delhi. I am much more optimistic that the best thinking and solutions on standards will come from the non profit translation world since the corporate localization industry has barely delivered a real TM standard after 10 years of trying. There were also many interesting comments and feedback on this entry and I hope we will see more discussion emerge from this. PostRank also tells me that this article continues to get steady traffic over time and might be influencing others.

6. This was a summary of an interview with Rob Vandenberg, CEO of Lingotek about community collaboration tools for translation which is likely to become much more important in future.

7. This was a summary of key messages from ATA leadership to the AMTA community. Hopefully this dialogue grows even though there are some  strident voices on both sides. I think the recent admission by Google that they have reached the limits of what is possible in terms of driving MT system improvements by just feeding more data to the engines. This I think will lead to an increasing awareness that getting linguistic experts involved and improving information quality (yes, clean data rears it ugly head again) is necessary for continued progress. Another one with interesting comments.

8. This focused on my view of where the highest value translation work would be in the future. I do not believe that transcreation is the best definition of high value/high skill work in translation. Value has to be determined by what customers find most useful at critical stages (pre and post sales) of their relationship with a company, brand or product.

9. This is a summary of key messages from my keynote presentation at ELIA Dublin which was possibly my favorite conference of the year. This article summarizes some details about the content explosion and how it may be impacting global customer interactions and how this relates to the world of professional translation.

10. And more on standards in the localization industry, a subject that will be key to make real progress on, to raise productivity and  respond to the very growing volume of content.

I wish you all a Happy, Healthy and Prosperous New Year. I think 2011 will be memorable in many ways, and translation will continue to grow in strategic importance for both global businesses and for countries that are rising economically and entering the knowledge economy.

We are seeing a lot of forecasts as is typical at the beginning of the year but most of these are very technology focused. I found a really interesting forecast  that casts a much wider net and is the most interesting one I have found on the world at large. They have a pretty good track record for 2010 as well. Good news for my new friends in the Ukraine, they see the region rising in 2011. This is worth taking a look at.